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Credits & Acknowledgements

Image, Data, and Software Attribution

Image Credits

Rubin Observatory

NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory — Virgo Cluster field showing spiral galaxies, merging systems, galaxy groups, and Milky Way stars.

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

Legacy Surveys Sky

Legacy Surveys / D. Lang (Perimeter Institute) — Wide-field composite sky imaging from the Legacy Surveys project.

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

DESI Mayall Telescope

Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (2024). Credit: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld.

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

DESI Mayall Telescope Interior

DESI's instrument, a long black cylinder supported by the metal telescope framework, points at the domed ceiling. The dome interior is bathed in blue light. Credit: Marilyn Sargent/Berkeley Lab

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

© 2025 The Regents of the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

DESI Y3 Slice Fan

A slice of DESI's first three years of data, the largest 3D map of our universe ever made. Credit: DESI Collaboration and KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Proctor

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

DESI Observing Night

DESI observes the sky from the Mayall Telescope, shown here beneath the Milky Way. Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R.T. Sparks

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

SDSS Telescope

SDSS telescope at Apache Point Observatory during calibration with the cover closed and internal lamp illuminated. Credit: SDSS/David Law.

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

SDSS image2

Two of the telescopes of the Local Volume Mapper with the roof of the enclosure open. Credit: SDSS/Maximilian Haaberle.

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

SDSS image3

The SDSS telescope at Apache Point Observatory shown here in daylight. Most telescopes sit inside domes to protect them in bad weather. However the protective enclosure of the SDSS telescope is built on rollers so the building itself moves out of the way to allow the telescope to observe. Here the telescope sits on its observing platform without the protective enclosure covering it. Credit: SDSS.

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

SDSS image4

The du Pont telescope at Las Campanas observatory pointing out of its dome in daylight. Credit: SDSS/LCO.

Source | Creative Commons BY 4.0

Data Credits

DESI Logo

DESI Early Data Release (EDR) and DESI Data Release 1 (DR1). Access and documentation available via the DESI Data Portal.

DESI Data Portal

SDSS Logo

SDSS-IV data used in this project, including contributions curated by Jack Chapman. See SDSS DR17 for access and details.

SDSS DR17

Python Package Credits

Astropy Logo

Astropy — Website

Astronomical tools and I/O (minimum version 7.0.0)

Matplotlib Logo

Matplotlib — Website

Plotting and visualization (minimum version 3.10.0)

NumPy Logo

NumPy — Website

Numerical operations (minimum version 2.2.2)

Pandas Logo

Pandas — Website

Output data handling (minimum version 2.2.3)

SciPy Logo

SciPy — Website

Scientific computing (minimum version 1.15.1)